Ancient inscriptions identify Surwaya Fortress, also known as Surwaya ki Garhi, with Sarasvati-pattana and Shankhamathika. An inscription at Surwaya names it Sarasvati-pattana, while the Ranod Inscription, dating to the 10th-11th century CE, mentions Shankhamathika. The Ranod inscription states that Shankhamathikadhipati, the lord of Shankhamathika, succeeded Kadambaguhadivasi, the first Acharya who founded a disciple lineage and established a significant Shaiva sect. During the 11th-12th century CE, builders constructed a monastery for the monks of this sect.
Surwaya features a fortified structure locally known as Garhi, which dates to the late medieval period. The fort is accessed through three zig-zag entrances with Mughal arches and is surrounded by a rampart wall and moat. Inside this fort, there are three temples and a monastery, along with a Sarvatobhadra miniature temple located on the roof.
Hindu Monastery at Surwaya Ki Garhi
The monastery is a notable large solid masonry structure with an open courtyard surrounded by pillared corridors and halls. It represents a rare example of a medieval Hindu monastery and was originally a two-story building; however, only portions of the upper story remain today.
According to the inscription, the ancient Hindu monastery and temples in this fort were repaired by order of His Highness Maharaja Mukhtar-ul-Mulk, Azim-ulqtidar Rafiuush-Shan Wala Shikoh, Mohatasham-i-Dauran Umadat-ul-Umara, Maharajadhiraja, Hisam-us-Saltanat Major-General Sir MADHAVA RAO SCINDIA Alijah Bahadur Srinath, Mansuri-Zaman Fidwi-i-Hazrat-i-Malik-i-Muazzam-i-Rafiud-Daraja-i-Inglistan. G.C.S.I., G.C.V.O., A.D.C. to His Majesty the King-Emperor LL.D. (Cambridge & Edinborough) and D.C.L. (Oxford). The Cost of repairs was Rs.9280 dated Samvat 1973 A.D. 1916.
The monastery is a notable large solid masonry structure with an open courtyard surrounded by pillared corridors and halls. It represents a rare example of a medieval Hindu monastery and was originally a two-story building; however, only portions of the upper story remain today.
The three temples at Surwaya showcase exquisite examples of the Kachchhapaghata style from the early 10th century CE. Artisans adorned their door jambs with intricate foliage designs and deity images, most notably Ganesha, prominently positioned at the center of their lintels. However, time has taken its toll, and all three temples have lost their sikhara.
Temple No. 1 at Surwaya Ki Garhi
Its open-pillared mandapa stands out, showcasing intricate carvings of deities, celestial beings, and mythological motifs. Ancient artisans constructed it in the Nagara-style, sculpting exquisite pillars and a richly detailed lintel that highlight their exceptional craftsmanship. Though time has left parts in ruins, its weathered stones and expansive complex continue to underscore its profound historical significance.
Temple No. 2 at Surwaya Ki Garhi
Temple No. 3 at Surwaya Ki Garhi
Hhere is a rectangular Baoli or stepwell constructed with dressed sandstone blocks.
The Archaeological Survey of India, Bhopal Circle, Bhopal maintains this historically significant site, featuring an open-air museum. They recovered fragments of carvings, pillars, brackets, lintels, ceiling slabs, and broken figures from debris during the conservation of the monuments and now display them for visitors.
How to Reach Surwaya Ki Garhi
Surwaya ki Garhi is located in the Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh, India. The best way to reach Surwaya is:
- By Air: The nearest airport is Gwalior Airport (about 120 km away). From there, you can hire a taxi or take a bus to Shivpuri and then to Surwaya.
- By Train: The nearest railway station is Shivpuri Railway Station (about 25 km away). Major cities like Gwalior, Bhopal, and Jhansi are well-connected to Surwaya.
- By Road: Surwaya is easily accessible by road from Shivpuri (25 km). You can take a private taxi or a local bus to reach the site. Shivpuri is well connected by National Highway NH-46, making road travel convenient.
Where to Stay at Surwaya Ki Garhi
Surwaya is a small village with only a few accommodation options available nearby. However, visitors can stay in Shivpuri, which has several hotels, resorts, and guest houses. Some recommended options include MP Tourism Tourist Village, A government-run resort with good facilities.
When to visit Surwaya
The ideal time to visit Surwaya ki Garhi is during the winter months (October to March) when the weather is pleasant for exploration. Summers (April to June) can be extremely hot, while the monsoon season (July to September) enhances the landscape with lush greenery, creating a soothing atmosphere.
Other Places to See Around Surwaya
If you’re visiting Surwaya, you can explore several nearby historical and natural attractions, including Madhav National Park (30 km), the Chhatris of Shivpuri (25 km), Bhadaiya Kund (27 km), George Castle (35 km), Narwar Fort (40 km), Ranighati (95 km) and Gwalior (120 km) and Chanderi (128 km).
Surwaya ki Garhi is an offbeat historical destination perfect for history lovers, architecture enthusiasts, and travelers looking for a peaceful retreat away from the usual tourist crowds.
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